Adrenal gland production9/12/2023 ![]() ![]() Conversely, adipose tissue was long regarded as a hormonally inactive storage site for triglycerides. In fact, the history of adrenal endocrinology is almost as old as the study of endocrinology itself. The significance of the adrenal gland as an endocrine organ and the roles of adrenal hormones in physiology and disease have been recognized well over a century. Here we review the emerging evidence supporting the existence of “cross talk” between the adrenal gland and adipose tissue, focusing on the relevance and roles of their respective hormones in health and disease states including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and primary disorders of the adrenals. In turn, adipose tissue hormones or “adipokines” have direct effects on the adrenal glands and interact with adrenal hormones at several levels. It is unknown whether these changes in adrenal endocrine function are in part responsible for the pathogenesis of obesity and related comorbidities or represent an adaptive response. Obesity is associated with changes in adrenal function, including increase in adrenal medullary catecholamine output, alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, elevations in circulating aldosterone together with changes in adipose tissue glucocorticoid metabolism, and enhanced adipocyte mineralocorticoid receptor activity. Hormones produced by the adrenal glands and adipose tissues have important roles in normal physiology and are altered in many disease states. ![]()
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